Culture• Grains postulate small levels of aliment to produce good quality proteins• Excessive dirt fertility will make low protein levels and may lead to lodging ( heavy drumhead falling over)• Winter varieties require cold temperatures in monastic order to produce seed heads ( vernalize ) in spring ; they should be planted in the fallDirect Sowing• Plant mid - September through mid - October• For the smaller - plate grower , air the seed over the aerofoil of the stain and rake in to ensure good soil contact• commend seeding rate : 3 1/2 lbs per 1000 square feet• Seed can also be drilled at 2 1/2 lb per 1000 substantial feet — plant life 1 - 2 inches deep• Mulch with fresh straw or go out to 4 inchesInsects & Diseases• Common insects : aphid , thrips• Insect restraint : Pyrethrin• Common diseases : chevron rusting , fore rusting , powdery mildew• Disease bar : plant life disease resistant varieties , for powdery mildew use ZonixHarvest & Storage• Both winter and springiness varieties of grain are generally ready for harvest in August• Timing the harvest to ensure optimal moisture level reduces loss to shatter or grain resprouting — seed heads should be wry and resist dent by fingernail ( ideal moisture contentedness is 13 % or less)• Small - shell wheat berry cultivator can use a hand sickle to harvest — sleeper into big bucks , call " shocks , " and stack upright in the field to dry out before threshing• “ Hulless ” varieties can easy be cleaned by helping hand - threshing and winnow ; other varieties may require flailing or mechanically skillful threshing• Store in airtight containers in a coolheaded , dry locationThese more elaborate cultural instructions are for small caryopsis pale yellow , oats , spelt and flax ....