begonia are raw perennial , grow for their colorful flower and foliage . Most begonia can be grown outdoors in pots , in the land , or in hang up baskets in filtered light and moist , but well drain ground . Where not unfearing , grow as annuals or indoors as houseplant . Most begonia can be propagated from leaf , stem or rhizome cuttings in addition to being seed from cum . ‘ Bow - Arriola ’ grow from a creeping rootstock . The foliage is very attractive , have medium - sized , smooth , lobed leaves . The many heyday are light pinkish and flower in wintertime . This plant relish separate out light but can take some sun in winter . Soil should ideally be moist . Begonias maturate very well in peat - free-base compost also . Likes humidity . intrepid . Does not wish cold conditions . pinch peak and pruning out stems in the growing season afford a shaggy flora , just for hanging baskets . Remove dead foliage to forbid disease .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sun and refinement form change during the daylight . The western side of a mansion may even be umbrageous due to phantom spew by turgid tree or a structure from an adjacent belongings . If you have just bought a new home or just beginning to garden in your older family , take time to map out sun and tad throughout the 24-hour interval . You will get a more precise feel for your site ’s true faint condition . condition : Filtered LightFor many plants that favor partially umbrageous conditions , filtered lightis ideal . Good planting internet site are under a mid to great sized tree that lets some luminosity through their offset or beneath tall plants that will provide some protection . Conditions : wet - roll in the hay HouseplantsHouseplants that expect ample water , or those labeled asmoisture - fuck houseplantsrequire that they be water thoroughly until the soil is saturated and then drains freely from holes in the bottom of pot . Re - water when potting land becomes dry to the sense of touch an column inch or so below the territory surface . atmospheric condition : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants opt light source that is strain . Sunlight , though not unmediated , is of import to them . Often morning sun , because it is not as strong as afternoon sun , can be view part sun or part shade . If you live in an area that does not get much vivid sunlight , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sun exposure may be okay . In other areas such as Florida , plant in a location where good afternoon shade will be experience . condition : lustrous Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be put within 2 feet of an eastern or western exposure windowpane or within 2 to 5 feet of a southerly photograph windowpane . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor expert plant public presentation , it is desirable to match the correct industrial plant with the available sluttish conditions . correct flora , right place ! Plants which do not get sufficient illumination may become sick in color , have fewer leave and a " leggy " stretch - out appearance . Also expect plants to grow wearisome and have few blooms when light is less than desirable . It is potential to provide supplemental lighting for indoor industrial plant with lamp . Plants can also pick up too much light . If a shade loving plant is exposed to lineal Dominicus , it may wilt and/or stimulate leave of absence to be sunburn or otherwise damage .
Watering
The key to watering is water supply deeply and less frequently . When watering , water well , i.e. supply enough water to thoroughly impregnate the tooth root ball . With in - flat coat plant life , this mean thoroughly soaking the filth until piss has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 in ( 1 ' being serious ) . With container grown plant , go for enough water to earmark water to flow through the drain holes .
seek to irrigate industrial plant betimes in the sidereal day or subsequently in the good afternoon to conserve water supply and contract down on plant tension . Do water ahead of time enough so that water has had a chance to dry out from plant leaves prior to dark fall . This is paramount if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t look to H2O until plant droop . Although some plant will recover from this , all flora will die if they droop too much ( when they reach the permanent wilting point ) .
moot water preservation method acting such as dribble irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . drip mould system which slow drip moisture directly on the root organisation can be buy at your local home and garden centerfield . Mulches can significantly cool the root geographical zone and conserve wet .
believe adding pee - save colloidal gel to the root geographical zone which will hold a reserve of pee for the industrial plant . These can make a world of difference specially under nerve-racking conditions . Be certain to follow recording label directions for their use .
condition : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that grime should be keep open evenly moist and watered on a regular basis , as conditions call for . Most plants like 1 column inch of water a calendar week during the growing season , but take precaution not to over body of water . The first two yr after a industrial plant is installed , regular watering is important for organisation . The first twelvemonth is decisive . It is better to water once a hebdomad and water deeply , than to water frequently for a few minute . weather condition : Indoor WateringPlant are write of almost 90 % water so it important to supply them with adequate water . Proper lacrimation is essential for good plant wellness . When there is not enough urine , roots will shrink and the plant life will wilt . When too much water system is applied too frequently , roots are deprived of atomic number 8 and diseases occur such as root and stem guff .
The key to watering is frequency . Water well then await long enough until the plant need to be re - irrigate according to its moisture requirements .
When lachrymation , water well . That is , provide enough water to thoroughly saturate the beginning clod . With containerized plants , go for enough water to allow water to flow through the drainage hole .
debar using frigid weewee particularly with houseplants . This can shock attendant roots . Fill watering can with tepid water or allow cold water to sit for a while to issue forth to board temperature before tearing . This is a good fashion to allow any harmful chlorine in the body of water to vaporise before being used .
Some plant are best irrigated by sub - irrigation , i.e. tearing from the bottom up . This annul splashing water on the foliage of sensitive plants . Simply aim the pot in a shallow goat god fill up with tepid water and let the plant sit down for 15 hour to allow the root word glob to be soundly wet . Take out and set aside sufficient drainage .
utilize an unpainted dowel to aid you specify when to re - water large bay window . puzzle it into the soil ball & waitress 5 minutes . The dowel will absorb moisture from the filth and deform a darker coloring material . rend it out and prove . This will give you an thought of how wet the soil root ball is .
Roots ask atomic number 8 to breath , do not allow plants to sit in a dish aerial fill up with piss . This will only boost disease .
Planting
A week to 10 day before planting , tally 2 to 4 column inch of aged manure or compost and work into the planting web site to ameliorate fertility and increase water retentiveness and drainage . If soil composition is weak , a layer of topsoil should be believe as well . No matter if your land is sand or corpse , it can be better by adding the same thing : organic matter . The more , the good ; work late into the land . Prepare beds to an 18 inch recondite for perennial . This will seem like a tremendous amount of work now , but will greatly pay off later . Besides , this is not something that is easily done later , once plants have been plant . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not mean that you will enjoy years of maintenance - free horticulture . perennial need to be cared for just like any other works . One affair that distinguishes perennial is that they lean to be fighting growers that have to be thinned out now and again or they will loose vigor .
As perennial establish , it is significant to prune them back and slim them out occasionally . This will prevent them from completely lead over an area to the exclusion of other plants , and also will increase zephyr circulation thereby reducing the incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many species also bloom extravagantly and produce rich seed . As bloom fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to remove spend flowers before they organise seed . This will prevent your works from seeding all over the garden and will conserve the considerable energy it takes the plant to produce seed .
As perennial mature , they may form a dense theme wad that finally lead to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to occasionally thin out a stand of such perennial . By divide the etymon organisation , you may make new plant to imbed in another surface area of the garden or give away . Also root pruning will stimulate new ontogeny and rejuvenate the plant . Most perennials may be successfully fraction in either spring or fall . Do a trivial homework ; some perennials do have a penchant . How - to : Preparing ContainersContainersare fantabulous when used as an cosmetic lineament , a planting option when there is little or no territory to imbed in , or for plants that require a soil character not found in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is inferior . If growing more than one plant in a container , verify that all have similar cultural requirements . pick out a container that is deep and large enough to let ascendant exploitation and growth as well as proportional equipoise between the fully develop plant and the container . imbed large container in the place you intend them to bide . All container should have drainage pickle . A mesh screen , broken Henry Clay wad pieces(crock ) or a newspaper java filter place over the cakehole will keep grease from washing out . The potting soil you take should be an appropriate mix for the plant life you have choose . Quality soils ( or soil - less medias ) absorb moisture pronto and equally when soaked . If water runs off ground upon initial passing water , this is an index that your soil may not be as good as you reckon .
Prior to satisfy a container with dirt , wet potting stain in the bag or topographic point in a tub or garden cart so that it is equally moist . Fill container about halfway full or to a horizontal surface that will set aside plants , when planted , to be just below the brim of the tidy sum . Rootballs should be level with soil melodic line when project is complete . Water well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennial for your garden by regard sun and tint through the twenty-four hour period , exposure , water requirements , climate , grime makeup , seasonal colour desire , and position of other garden flora and Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree .
The best times to implant are spring and fall , when filth is workable and out of risk of freeze . Fall plantings have the advantage that roots can develop and not have to compete with developing top growth as in the spring . Spring is more desirable for perennial that dislike wet conditions or for insensate arena , allowing full establishment before first wintertime . Planting in summer or wintertime is not advisable for most plant life , unless embed a more give sized plant .
To plant container - originate flora : make plant holes with appropriate astuteness and outer space between . irrigate the plant good and let the excess water drainpipe before cautiously absent from the container . cautiously loose the beginning chunk and place the plant in the hollow , put to work soil around the antecedent as you fill . If the plant is extremely root bind , freestanding roots with fingerbreadth . A few slits made with a air hole knife are all right , but should be keep on to a minimum . Continue filling in dirt and piddle soundly , protect from unmediated sun until stable .
To institute bare - etymon plant : Plant as soon as potential after leverage . Prepare suitable planting holes , spread roots and work stain among roots as you fill in . Water well and protect from lineal sun until unchanging .
To plant seedling : A act of perennial produce self - sown seedling that can be transfer . You may also begin your own seedling bottom for transplantation . Prepare suitable planting muddle , space fitly for plant development . Gently cabbage the seedling and as much surrounding territory as potential with your garden trowel , and replant it like a shot , tauten ground with fingertip and piddle well . Shade from direct sun and body of water regularly until static . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake certain that the industrial plant you have choose is suitable for the condition you are able to provide it : that it will have enough light , outer space , and a temperature it will care . call up that the area mightily next to a window will be cold than the residue of the room .
Indoor plants need to be transplanted into a larger container sporadically , or they become mess / root - bound and their growing is decelerate . Water the plant life well before starting , so the soil will view as the root egg together when you remove it from the pot . If you have hassle getting the industrial plant out of the pot , try turn tail a brand around the edge of the pot , and gently wham the sides to loosen the stain .
Always apply fresh soil when transfer your indoor industrial plant . fill up around the plant lightly with soil , being deliberate not to pack too tightly – you require air to be able-bodied to get to the beginning . After the plant is in the new pot , do n’t fertilize right away … this will encourage the roots to fill in their young home .
The size of it pot you choose is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 inch greater in diameter . commemorate , many flora favor being somewhat mess bound . Always start with a clean potbelly !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and go in the industrial plant through the root or the stalk at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you surmise Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant life is in a container , discard the ground too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 percentage water solution . Fungicides can be used , according to label directions . Consult a professional person for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to apply . Pest : ThripsThripsare small , winged worm that aggress many types of plants and thrive in raging , dry conditions ( like heated house ) . They can multiply quickly as a female can put down up to 300 eggs in a life dyad of 45 days without mating . Most of the damage to plants is make by the unseasoned larvae which feed on tender folio and flower tissue . This leads to distorted growth , injured efflorescence flower petal and premature flower drop . Thrips also can transmit many harmful works viruses .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and use screening on windows to keep them out . Remove or discard invade works , keep them away from non - infested plants . Trap with yellow sticky cards or take vantage of innate enemy such as predatory tinge . Sometimes a good unbendable shower bath of water will wash off them off the plant . look up your local garden center professional or county conjunct annexe situation for legal chemic recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , spider - like brute which thrive in hot , dry conditions ( like heated house ) . Spider mites feed with pierce mouth division , which cause plants to appear yellow-bellied and stippled . Leaf drib and plant death can occur with lowering infestations . Spider mites can manifold quick , as a female can lay up to 200 eggs in a living span of 30 Clarence Day . They also produce a internet which can brood infested leave and blossom .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and remove infested plants . ironic air seems to worsen the problem , so check that plants are regularly irrigate , especially those preferring high-pitched humidity such as tropicals , citrus fruit , or tomatoes . Always check off fresh plants prior to bringing them home from the garden center or nursery . Take advantage of natural enemies such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension office , take and follow all recording label directions . Concentrate your cause on the bottom of the leaves as that is where wanderer speck generally live . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - bodied insects that acquire a waxy powdery address . They have piercing / sucking mouth parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small musical composition of cotton and they tend to congregate where leaves and stem outgrowth . They attack a wide-cut range of plants . The young tend to move around until they happen a suitable feeding spot , then they hang out in colonies and provender . Mealybugs can weaken a plant run to yellow foliage and leaf fall . They also acquire a sweet-scented substance call honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can lead to an untempting contraband surface fungous growth call sooty mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested flora from those that are not . refer your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension situation in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . further natural enemies such as dame beetles in the garden to aid reduce universe levels of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that see like tiny moths , which assault many types of plants . The flying adult stage prefers the bottom of leaves to feed and breed . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female person can lie up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 month . If a works is infested with whiteflies , you will see a cloud of fleeing insects when the plant is disturbed . Whiteflies can weaken a flora , finally leading to constitute death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also acquire a sweet substance called honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can conduct to an unattractive black airfoil fungous growth call pitchy mold .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; use riddle in windows to keep them out ; off infested flora aside from non - infested plant ; use a reflective mulch ( atomic number 13 foil ) under plant ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellow gummy cards , enforce labeled pesticides ; encourage natural enemy such as parasitic wasp in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of water system will rinse them off the plant . Pest : Slugs and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climates and are mollusk , not insects . They can be voracious feeders , eating just about anything that is not woody or highly scented . They may eat yap in leaves , funnies entire stalk , or entirely devour seedlings and tender transplants , leaving behind tell - tale silvery , slimy trail .
Prevention and control : Keep your garden as clean as possible , eliminating hiding places such as leaf dust , over - turned pot , and tarpaulin . Groundcover in suspicious places and hard mulches furnish protection from the component and can be favorite hiding places . In the spring , police for and destroy eggs ( bunch of small translucent sphere ) and adults during fall and aurora . Set out beer trap from late spring through fall .
Many chemical substance controls are useable on the market , but can be poisonous and deadly for children and pets ; take care when using them - always read the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually find out on plants that do not have enough zephyr circulation or passable light . problem are risky where nights are cool and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or grey-headed fungus is ordinarily found on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . leafage will often wrench icteric or brown , curl up , and dangle off . unexampled foliage emerges crisp and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often dangle early .
Prevention and Control : institute resistant varieties and space works in good order so they receive passable light and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water off the leaf . This is predominant for blush wine . Go soft on the nitrogen fertilizer . enforce fungicides consort to recording label directions before trouble becomes severe and follow direction precisely , not miss any required treatment . Sanitation is a must - clean up and murder all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and put down . fungus : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are because of fungi or bacterium . Brown or black situation and patches may be either ragged or rotary , with a piss soak or yellow - edged appearance . dirt ball , rainwater , dirty garden tool , or even people can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : bump off infected leaves when the flora is juiceless . Leaves that collect around the base of the plant life should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be direct at grunge level . For fungal leaf topographic point , use a recommend fungicide according to recording label directions .
pestis : Scale InsectsScales are insects , touch to mealy bugs , that can be a problem on a wide variety of plants - indoor and outside . Young scales crawl until they find a good feeding site . The adult female person then suffer their legs and remain on a daub protected by its hard shell layer . They seem as bumps , often on the lower face of leaves . They have piercing mouth parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Scales can weaken a plant leading to yellow leafage and leaf pearl . They also bring forth a sweet substance call honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungal ontogeny called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Once establish they are toilsome to command . Isolate infested flora aside from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a sound recommendation regarding their ascendance . Encourage natural enemy such as parasitic wasps in the garden . fungus : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is find oneself on the surface of leaf . It feed in on honeydew melon excrete from aphids , mealy hemipterous insect , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it comprehend / blackens the leave and stems of the plant . The skilful elbow room to control pitchy mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can unremarkably be pass over from leaves with a damp cloth or wash away with a hose - conclusion nebulizer .
