begonia are cranky perennials , grown for their colorful flowers and leafage . Most begonia can be raise alfresco in passel , in the ground , or in hanging baskets in filtered light and moist , but well drain land . Where not audacious , produce as annuals or indoors as houseplants . Most begonia can be propagated from leafage , stem or rhizome cutting in summation to being sown from seed . The cultivar , ‘ Jack Horner ’ , is a shaggy begonia that is erect with succulent stems . The many treble flowers are everblooming and pinkish in color . The bronze leave of absence are shiny , legato and ovate . This plant can suffer full sun . Soil should ideally be moist . Begonias grow very well in peat - based compost also . like humidity . Does not wish cold-blooded weather . Pinching baksheesh and pruning taboo stem in the growing time of year give a shaggy-coated plant life .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sunlight and shade patterns change during the solar day . The westerly side of a house may even be shady due to shadow cast by orotund Tree or a structure from an neighboring property . If you have just bought a unexampled home or just beginning to garden in your older home plate , take time to map sun and shade throughout the mean solar day . You will get a more accurate feel for your land site ’s true light conditions . Conditions : Filtered LightFor many plant that prefer partially fishy conditions , filter lightis saint . in force planting sites are under a mid to big sized Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree that lets some lighter through their ramification or beneath tall plants that will provide some protective cover . shape : Moisture - loving HouseplantsHouseplants that require ample water , or those label asmoisture - loving houseplantsrequire that they be watered thoroughly until the grease is saturate and then enfeeble freely from holes in the bottom of lot . Re - water when pot soil becomes wry to the spot an column inch or so below the grease surface . condition : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants choose light source that is dribble . Sunlight , though not unmediated , is of import to them . Often forenoon sun , because it is not as hard as afternoon sunlight , can be considered part Dominicus or part shade . If you endure in an sphere that does not get much intense sun , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sunshine pic may be o.k. . In other areas such as Florida , works in a placement where afternoon shade will be received . Conditions : Full to Partial SunFull sunlightis needed for many plant to assume their full potential . Many of these flora will do fine with a little less sunshine , although they may not bloom as to a great extent or their foliage as vibrant . area on the southern and westerly side of edifice unremarkably are the sunny . The only elision is when houses or building are so close together , shadows are cast from neighboring properties . Full sun commonly stand for 6 or more hours of direct unobstructed sunlight on a cheery day . Partial sun receive less than 6 hours of sun , but more than 3 time of day . Plants able-bodied to take full sun in some climates may only be able to tolerate part sun in other climates . lie with the polish of the plant life before you purchase and plant it!Conditions : Bright Light for HouseplantsHouseplants requiringbright lightshould be station within 2 foot of an easterly or western exposure window or within 2 to 5 foot of a southerly exposure window . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor well plant performance , it is worthy to fit the correct plant life with the usable light conditions . good plant , veracious place ! flora which do not meet sufficient brightness may become pale in color , have few leaves and a " leggy " stretched - out appearing . Also wait plants to grow slow and have fewer peak when light is less than desirable . It is possible to leave supplementary lighting for indoor plants with lamp . Plants can also receive too much Light Within . If a shadowiness loving plant is expose to direct sun , it may droop and/or induce leafage to be sunburned or otherwise damaged .
Watering
The key to lachrymation is water deeply and less frequently . When lachrymation , pee well , i.e. provide enough H2O to exhaustively impregnate the base ball . With in - footing plant life , this intend thoroughly soaking the dirt until water has pervade to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being good ) . With container grown works , utilise enough water to permit urine to course through the drainage trap .
seek to water plants betimes in the day or later in the good afternoon to conserve water and geld down on plant life stress . Do water ahead of time enough so that water has had a prospect to dry out from plant leaves prior to night spill . This is paramount if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t look to water until plants wilt . Although some plants will find from this , all plants will go if they wilt too much ( when they turn over the lasting wilting point ) .
think water conservation method such as dripping irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . dribble systems which slowly drip moisture instantly on the root organization can be purchased at your local dwelling house and garden nerve centre . Mulches can significantly cool the root zone and conserve moisture .
study add water supply - saving gelatin to the solution zone which will obligate a stockpile of piss for the industrial plant . These can make a world of difference of opinion specially under stressful stipulation . Be certain to play along label direction for their manipulation .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that soil should be maintain equally moist and watered on a regular basis , as conditions require . Most plants like 1 inch of piddle a workweek during the grow time of year , but take guardianship not to over body of water . The first two old age after a plant life is installed , unconstipated lachrymation is important for ecesis . The first year is decisive . It is better to water once a week and water deeply , than to water frequently for a few minutes . Conditions : Indoor WateringPlant are composed of almost 90 % water so it important to supply them with enough water supply . Proper watering is substantive for good plant health . When there is not enough water , roots will wither and the plant will wilt . When too much piddle is applied too frequently , roots are deprive of oxygen and diseases occur such as source and stem buncombe .
The key to tearing is frequency . Water well then hold back long enough until the plant needs to be re - watered according to its moisture necessity .
When watering , water system well . That is , supply enough weewee to thoroughly saturate the root ball . With containerized industrial plant , apply enough water system to allow water to course through the drainage holes .
head off using cold water system especially with houseplants . This can shock tender roots . Fill watering can with tepid water or allow cold water system to sit for a while to come to room temperature before watering . This is a good style to allow any harmful Cl in the water system to evaporate before being used .
Some plants are well irrigated by sub - irrigation , i.e. watering from the bottom up . This avoids splashing weewee on the leaves of sensitive flora . but post the pot in a shallow pan filled with tepid water and permit the plant sit around for 15 minutes to allow the root ball to be exhaustively cockeyed . Take out and allow sufficient drain .
Use an unpainted dowel pin to help you determine when to re - water larger pots . bind it into the filth ball & wait 5 minutes . The dowel will take in moisture from the soil and become a darker color . perpetrate it out and examine . This will give you an idea of how wet the grease root ball is .
base take O to breathing place , do not allow plants to sit around in a disc filled with water . This will only promote disease .
Planting
A week to 10 days before planting , add together 2 to 4 inches of aged manure or compost and workplace into the planting site to improve fertility and increase water retention and drainage . If dirt composition is feeble , a layer of topsoil should be considered as well . No matter if your stain is sand or clay , it can be improved by adding the same thing : constituent thing . The more , the better ; work deeply into the stain . Prepare beds to an 18 inch deep for perennial . This will seem like a enormous amount of piece of work now , but will greatly pay off after . Besides , this is not something that is easily done later , once plant have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not mean that you will savour yr of sustenance - barren gardening . Perennials need to be deal for just like any other works . One thing that distinguishes perennial is that they be given to be fighting grower that have to be thinned out occasionally or they will unloose vigor .
As perennial lay down , it is authoritative to prune them back and thin them out from time to time . This will prevent them from completely taking over an country to the exclusion of other plants , and also will increase air circulation thereby reducing the relative incidence of disease like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many species also flower copiously and bring about sizeable seed . As blooms fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to bump off spent blossom before they form seed . This will prevent your plants from seeding all over the garden and will conserve the considerable energy it take the plant to produce seed .
As perennials mature , they may form a dense beginning great deal that eventually leads to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to occasionally thin out a stand of such perennial . By dividing the root system , you may make new plant to plant in another area of the garden or give away . Also root pruning will shake up Modern growth and rejuvenate the plant . Most perennials may be successfully divided in either leap or descent . Do a little homework ; some perennials do have a penchant . How - to : ready ContainersContainersare splendid when used as an ornamental feature , a planting option when there is little or no stain to plant in , or for plant that require a soil eccentric not ground in the garden or when soil drainage in the garden is substandard . If growing more than one plant in a container , make certain that all have interchangeable cultural requirements . Choose a container that is inscrutable and turgid enough to allow root maturation and growth as well as proportional equipoise between the fully modernize plant and the container . establish orotund container in the place you intend them to outride . All containers should have drainage fix . A meshing screen , kick downstairs clay pot pieces(crock ) or a paper chocolate filter placed over the maw will keep soil from wash out . The potting soil you select should be an appropriate premix for the plants you have chosen . Quality soils ( or filth - less medias ) absorb wet pronto and evenly when blotto . If water lean off soil upon initial wetting , this is an index number that your land may not be as proficient as you think .
Prior to fill a container with soil , wet pot soil in the bag or position in a bathtub or wheelbarrow so that it is evenly moist . Fill container about halfway full or to a level that will set aside plant , when planted , to be just below the rim of the jackpot . Rootballs should be level with stain line when project is complete . pee well . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennial for your garden by consider sun and tad through the twenty-four hours , exposure , water supply requisite , climate , grease composition , seasonal color want , and position of other garden plants and trees .
The unspoilt times to embed are bounce and descent , when soil is workable and out of peril of frost . downslope planting have the advantage that rootage can develop and not have to compete with developing top outgrowth as in the spring . Spring is more desirable for perennials that dislike wet condition or for cold domain , allowing full ecesis before first wintertime . Planting in summertime or winter is not advisable for most plants , unless planting a more established sized plant .
To plant container - maturate plant : organize planting holes with appropriate depth and place between . irrigate the flora thoroughly and let the excess H2O drainage before carefully transfer from the container . cautiously loosen the root ball and place the plant in the golf hole , working soil around the stem as you fill . If the plant life is extremely root bandage , separate roots with fingers . A few slits made with a air pocket knife are all right , but should be kept to a minimum . Continue filling in ground and weewee thoroughly , protect from direct Lord’s Day until stable .
To plant bare - root plants : Plant as presently as possible after purchase . Prepare suitable planting hole , circularize roots and work soil among roots as you fill in . Water well and protect from verbatim sunshine until stable .
To plant seedlings : A number of perennial bring on self - sown seedling that can be transplanted . You may also start your own seedling bottom for transplanting . Prepare suitable planting holes , spacing fitly for plant development . softly get up the seedling and as much surrounding soil as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it straight off , firming dirt with fingertips and piddle well . Shade from direct sun and water regularly until stable . How - to : Potting Indoor PlantsMake trusted that the plant you have chosen is suitable for the conditions you are able to provide it : that it will have enough tripping , space , and a temperature it will like . Remember that the expanse right next to a windowpane will be cold than the rest of the elbow room .
Indoor plant demand to be transplanted into a prominent container periodically , or they become flowerpot / root - bind and their growth is retarded . Water the plant well before starting , so the soil will hold the root ball together when you remove it from the good deal . If you have hassle getting the plant out of the potty , try out running a vane around the boundary of the stool , and lightly wallop the sides to loosen the soil .
Always expend refreshful soil when transfer your indoor works . make full around the plant softly with soil , being careful not to take too tightly – you want air to be capable to get to the roots . After the plant is in the newfangled hatful , do n’t fertilize properly away … this will encourage the ancestor to fulfill in their new home .
The size pot you choose is important too . Select one that is not more than about 1 in greater in diam . Remember , many plants prefer being somewhat jackpot bind . Always start with a clean skunk !
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is detect in most soils and enters the plant through the roots or the prow at soil grade . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a flora is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilt ) , withdraw it . If your plant is in a container , cast aside the soil too . Wash the pile with a 1 part bleaching agent to 9 component part water solution . antifungal agent can be used , according to label directions . Consult a professional for a legal recommendation of what antimycotic to use . Pest : ThripsThripsare minuscule , winged insect that aggress many types of plants and thrive in hot , teetotal status ( like heated house ) . They can manifold quickly as a female can pose up to 300 eggs in a life span of 45 days without mating . Most of the terms to plants is because of the young larvae which course on tender leaf and flower tissue . This leads to malformed growth , injured bloom petal and premature flower drop . Thrips also can broadcast many harmful plant viruses .
Prevention and Control : keep weeds down and use screening on windows to keep them out . take away or discard invade plants , keep them away from non - infested plant life . Trap with sensationalistic sticky cards or take advantage of natural foe such as predatory tinge . Sometimes a good steady shower of water will wash them off the industrial plant . Consult your local garden center professional or county Cooperative denotation position for effectual chemical recommendations . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare belittled , 8 legged , wanderer - comparable creature which expand in hot , juiceless conditions ( like heated house ) . Spider mites feed with thrust mouth parting , which cause plants to appear yellow and speckled . foliage drop and industrial plant death can occur with threatening infestation . wanderer mites can multiply quickly , as a female can lay up to 200 orchis in a life distich of 30 days . They also produce a connection which can track infested leafage and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep grass down and off infested plants . juiceless air travel seems to exacerbate the problem , so make certain plants are on a regular basis watered , especially those opt high humidity such as tropicals , citrous fruit , or Lycopersicon esculentum . Always check unexampled plants prior to bringing them home from the garden centre or glasshouse . Take advantage of born enemy such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension office , translate and follow all label direction . Concentrate your endeavour on the undersurface of the farewell as that is where spider pinch generally live . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , tiresome - white , indulgent - bodied insect that develop a waxy powdery breed . They have pierce / sucking mouth parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften see like pocket-sized pieces of cotton and they run to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They attack a wide range of flora . The vernal tend to move around until they find a suitable eating position , then they hang out in colony and feed . mealy bug can counteract a plant life direct to yellow foliage and foliage drop . They also farm a sweet heart call honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungous growth called sooty mildew .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . confer your local garden middle professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical substance testimonial . further natural enemies such as lady beetle in the garden to help reduce universe levels of mealy bugs . gadfly : WhitefliesWhitefliesare humble , wing louse that wait like tiny moth , which snipe many type of plants . The flying adult stage favour the bottom of leaves to feed and stock . whitefly can multiply chop-chop as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life couplet of 2 months . If a plant is invade with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of fleeing insects when the industrial plant is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a plant life , finally run to plant destruction if they are not control . They can channel many harmful plant computer virus . They also bring about a sweet substance call honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can lead to an unattractive contraband surface fungal increase called sooty mold .
Possible controls : keep weeds down ; use screening in windows to keep them out ; remove infested flora off from non - infested works ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminum foil ) under plant life ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellow sticky wit , go for labeled pesticides ; boost natural foe such as bloodsucking WASP in the garden ; and sometimes a skillful steady shower of water will wash out them off the plant . Pest : Slugs and SnailsSlugs and snailsfavor moist climates and are mollusks , not insects . They can be voracious feeders , eating just about anything that is not woody or highly scented . They may rust holes in leaves , strip entire stems , or completely devour seedlings and tender transplants , leaving behind tell - tale silvery , slimy trails .
Prevention and control : Keep your garden as clear as potential , extinguish hiding places such as leaf debris , over - wrick pots , and tarps . Groundcover in shady places and heavy mulches provide protection from the elements and can be favorite hiding seat . In the spring , patrol for and demolish eggs ( clusters of small translucent spheres ) and grownup during dusk and dawn . lay out beer traps from late saltation through fall .
Many chemical controls are available on the market , but can be toxicant and deadly for fry and pets ; take care when using them - always read the label first!Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plant that do not have enough zephyr circulation or adequate light . Problems are worse where Nox are coolheaded and Clarence Day are warm and humid . The powdery blanched or gray fungus is unremarkably found on the upper surface of parting or fruit . Leaves will often turn yellow or brown , curl up , and drop off . New leafage emerges crinkled and ill-shapen . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and distance plants right so they invite equal light and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping H2O off the leaf . This is overriding for roses . Go soft on the N fertilizer . hold fungicide harmonize to recording label directions before trouble becomes grave and follow focussing on the button , not miss any need treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and off all leaves , bloom , or junk in the fall and destruct . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf place are triggered by kingdom Fungi or bacteria . Brown or black spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water system inebriate or yellow - edged appearance . worm , rain , marked-up garden tools , or even mass can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect folio when the plant is ironic . leave of absence that collect around the base of the works should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; piddle should be directed at soil floor . For fungal leafage spots , expend a recommended fungicide according to recording label directions .
Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insects , relate to mealy bugs , that can be a problem on a broad variety of plants - indoor and outdoor . Young surmount crawl until they find a near feeding site . The adult females then lose their legs and stay on a point protected by its hard shell layer . They appear as protrusion , often on the lower sides of leaf . They have piercing sassing part that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Scales can weaken a plant leading to yellow foliage and leafage drop cloth . They also produce a sweetened substance called honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can go to an untempting black Earth’s surface fungous increase called pitchy mold .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to see to it . Isolate invade plant away from those that are not infest . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . Encourage natural enemies such as epenthetic wasps in the garden . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaves . It feeds on honeydew eliminate from aphids , mealy bugs , graduated table , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it cover / blackens the leaves and stem of the plant . The effective way to control sooty cast is to control the insect that make the honeydew . Sooty mildew can commonly be wiped from leaf with a moist cloth or wash away with a hosiery - final stage sprayer .
