The cultivar , ‘ Black Cuban ’ has smooth green leaf with small white heyday . Pod coloring often begin as black or purple but matures into a fertile bolshie . Pod is pea - mold and 1/2 inch across . Very acrid in taste . C. annuum is very diverse since it includes both spicy and unfermented peppers but common to most are smooth green leaf and impregnable branches . It is believe to have uprise in Bolivia or Southern Brazil . Days to maturity range from 80 to 120 .
Google Plant Images : click here !
Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Watering
The headstone to watering is water deep and less oft . When watering , water system well , i.e. provide enough urine to thoroughly impregnate the base ballock . With in - flat coat plant , this means thoroughly soaking the dirt until water has penetrated to a profoundness of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being better ) . With container grown plant , apply enough water to allow water system to flow through the drainage holes .
endeavor to water plant life too soon in the daytime or later in the good afternoon to conserve piss and cut down on flora stress . Do water early enough so that piddle has had a prospect to dry from plant parting prior to nighttime fall . This is overriding if you have had fungus problems .
Do n’t wait to water until plants wilt . Although some plants will convalesce from this , all plants will give-up the ghost if they wilt too much ( when they reach the permanent wilting point ) .
Consider water conservation method such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . dripping systems which slowly drip moisture directly on the root system can be purchased at your local menage and garden center . Mulches can significantly cool the etymon geographical zone and conserve moisture .
Consider supply water supply - saving gel to the root zone which will harbour a second-stringer of pee for the plant . These can make a universe of deviation specially under trying term . Be sealed to follow label management for their use .
Planting
A calendar week to 10 days before planting , contribute 2 to 4 inches of senior manure or compost and piece of work into the planting website to improve natality and increase water memory and drain . If soil piece is fallible , a layer of surface soil should be considered as well . No matter if your soil is sand or corpse , it can be amend by adding the same thing : organic issue . The more , the better ; work deep into the dirt . train beds to an 18 inch mysterious for perennials . This will seem like a fantastic amount of work now , but will greatly ante up off by and by . Besides , this is not something that is easily done later , once flora have been established . How - to : Pinching and Thinning PerennialsOnce you plant a perennial , it does not intend that you will enjoy years of sustainment - free gardening . perennial need to be handle for just like any other plant . One affair that distinguishes perennials is that they run to be active growers that have to be thinned out now and then or they will loose vigor .
As perennials plant , it is significant to lop them back and slim down them out occasionally . This will keep them from completely taking over an area to the ejection of other plants , and also will increase atmosphere circulation thereby reducing the incidence of diseases like botrytis and powdery mildew .
Many species also flower abundantly and produce rich germ . As blooms fade it is advisable to deadhead your plant ; that is , to remove spent flowers before they form seed . This will prevent your plants from seeding all over the garden and will maintain the considerable muscularity it takes the plant to produce seed .
As perennial mature , they may form a dense root mass that finally go to a less vigorous plant . It is advisable to occasionally slenderize out a stand of such perennials . By dividing the etymon organization , you could make new plant to plant in another area of the garden or give away . Also take root pruning will stimulate fresh ontogenesis and rejuvenate the flora . Most perennials may be successfully split in either springtime or tumble . Do a small homework ; some perennials do have a preference . How - to : Planting PerennialsDetermine appropriate perennials for your garden by considering sunlight and refinement through the twenty-four hour period , photograph , water requirement , climate , territory makeup , seasonal color desired , and situation of other garden plants and tree diagram .
The dependable times to plant are spring and downslope , when soil is workable and out of peril of frost . Fall plantings have the reward that root can educate and not have to contend with evolve top growth as in the spring . Spring is more worthy for perennial that dislike wet stipulation or for colder areas , allowing full establishment before first winter . Planting in summertime or winter is not advisable for most plant , unless planting a more launch sized works .
To establish container - grown plants : Prepare planting holes with appropriate deepness and space between . Water the industrial plant thoroughly and allow the excess body of water drain before cautiously removing from the container . Carefully loosen the ascendant ball and place the plant in the hole , exercise soil around the roots as you fill up . If the industrial plant is exceedingly root restrict , disjoined ascendant with fingers . A few slits made with a pocket knife are hunky-dory , but should be kept to a lower limit . Continue filling in soil and weewee good , protecting from lineal Lord’s Day until stable .
To plant bare - root flora : industrial plant as soon as possible after purchase . Prepare suitable planting holes , propagate roots and work soil among root as you occupy in . Water well and protect from direct sun until stable .
To implant seedling : A number of perennials make self - sown seedling that can be transplanted . You may also start your own seedling bed for transplantation . Prepare suitable planting hole , spacing appropriately for plant development . Gently pinch the seedling and as much surround filth as possible with your garden trowel , and replant it instantly , firming soil with fingertip and H2O well . Shade from lineal sunshine and urine regularly until stable .
Problems
Prevenion and Control : drift rowing screening or cheesecloth set up over seedbeds in early spring may deter egg laying on young plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always polish off and destroy infected plants . good nemtodes will prey on maggots as well . Till dirt well in the fall to let out and destroy pupae . Diseases : Verticillium or Fusarium WiltWilts may be contract through infect seed , plant life detritus , or soil . This fungus Menachem Begin and multiplies during the nerveless , moist season , becoming obvious when weather turns warm and dry . plant droop because the fungus damage their water system conducting mechanisms . Overfertilization can worsen this problem . capable to winter in grease for many years , it is also bear and nurse in common weeds .
Prevention and Control : If potential , prize insubordinate mixed bag . Keep nitrogen - laborious fertilizers to a lower limit as well as over - irrigating as they encourage profuse growth . Practice harvest rotation and prune out or better yet remove septic works . Pest : Tomato HornwormThese large gullible caterpillars have diagonal blanched stripes along their organic structure with a large horn on their after part goal . They are the larva of the chocolate-brown sphinx moth . expect for these caterpillars clinging to the undersides of leave and stems . Even if you do n’t see them , you may love they were there because of the fateful excrement they leave behind as well as the leave-taking they have chewed through . They are also adoring of yield .
Prevention and Control : Rotate Lycopersicon esculentum location each year and deeply till dirt to expose pupa . Floating row natural covering in June or July help to foreclose active moth from lay eggs . Handpick and destroy caterpillars when found . refer your local garden heart professional or county Cooperative Extension office for sound pesticide / chemical substance testimonial . Pest : Spider MitesSpider mitesare small , 8 legged , spider - corresponding creature which thrive in red-hot , wry conditions ( like het up houses ) . Spider mites feed with piercing sassing parts , which cause works to appear yellow and stippled . leafage bead and plant death can happen with heavy infestations . wanderer mites can reproduce rapidly , as a female can lay up to 200 nut in a life span of 30 days . They also develop a web which can cover infested leave and flowers .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and remove infested plants . Dry air seems to worsen the problem , so make certain plants are on a regular basis watered , especially those prefer high-pitched humidness such as tropicals , citrus tree , or love apple . Always check newfangled works prior to bringing them home from the garden nitty-gritty or greenhouse . Take advantage of born enemy such as ladybug larvae . If a miticide is recommended by your local garden center professional or county Cooperative Extension office , read and follow all recording label management . Concentrate your efforts on the undersides of the leaves as that is where wanderer speck mostly live . gadfly : MealybugsSmall , wingless , boring - white , soft - bodied insects that farm a waxy powdery cut across . They have piercing / sucking sass parts that suck the sap out of works tissue . Mealybugsoften look like small pieces of cotton and they be given to congregate where leaves and stem branch . They set on a broad compass of plants . The young lean to move around until they find a desirable feeding berth , then they attend out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a industrial plant head to sensationalistic foliage and leaf drop . They also get a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can run to an untempting black airfoil fungal growth called pitchy moulding .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . Encourage raw enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to avail reduce population levels of mealy bugs . pestilence : WhitefliesWhitefliesare little , winged insects that calculate like tiny moths , which aggress many case of works . The flying adult stage prefer the underside of leaves to feed and stock . Whiteflies can multiply quickly as a female can lay up to 500 testicle in a sprightliness span of 2 months . If a plant is infest with whitefly , you will see a swarm of fly insects when the plant is disturb . Whiteflies can weaken a plant , finally leading to institute death if they are not mark . They can conduct many harmful flora virus . They also produce a sweet substance hollo honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can lead to an unattractive smutty surface fungal development call sooty mould .
Possible controls : keep widow’s weeds down ; employment shield in window to keep them out ; bump off infested plants by from non - infested plants ; use a reflective mulch ( aluminium enhancer ) under plant ( this repels whitefly ) ; hole with yellow sticky cards , apply labeled pesticides ; encourage born foeman such as epenthetic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of water will moisten them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , balmy - bodied , slow - moving insects that suck fluid from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from green to brown to pitch-black , and they may have flank . They attack a wide range of plant specie do stunting , deformed leave and buds . They can beam harmful plant viruses with their piercing / sucking mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are merely a pain , since it takes many of them to cause serious plant legal injury . However aphids do produce a sweet substance squall honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can lead to an unattractive black open maturation called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in number and each female can develop up to 250 live nymphs in the course of a month without mating . Aphids often appear when the surround changes - spring & fall . They ’re often mass at the tips of branches feeding on succulent tissue . Aphids are attract to the colour yellow and will often hitchhike on icteric wearable .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute lower limit , specially around desirable plants . On pabulum , dampen off infected area of plant life . Lady bugs and lacewing fly will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various Cartesian product - organic and inorganic - that can be used to hold aphids . Seek the good word of a professional and follow all label procedure to a tee . Pest : Flea BeetlesFlea Beetles are about the size of it of a flea and are black , bronze , or dreary - blackness in color . They get their name from the way they jump when disturb . Flea beetle populations are unremarkably more severe when condition are live and ironic . They can set problems in the garden ; they leave humble holes in chewed foliation .
Prevention and control : You ’ve try it a thousand times , but here it is again - clean up the garden to remove places where these insects over winter . A well - watered , moist garden will not be as attractive to an egg laying mother either . Aside from handpicking , spray with a recommended insect powder . Cultivation between rows will help to demolish eggs , too . Pest : SpittlebugsSpittlebugsare minimally negative , tiny worm whose nymphs are commonly recognize by white froth on stems of annuals and perennial during the spring spring up season . Where the nymphs are immobile , the green or chocolate-brown adults hop or fly from plant to plant . They are connect to cicada .
Prevention and Control : No preventative action is need other than rinse froth from your plants . Tolerance is really the honorable recommendation , since they do no real harm . kingdom Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spots are induce by fungi or bacteria . chocolate-brown or fatal place and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water souse or yellow - edged appearing . Insects , rainfall , unclean garden tools , or even multitude can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leaf when the plant is dry . Leaves that collect around the al-Qa’ida of the industrial plant should be raked up and toss out of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; water should be directed at soil stratum . For fungous leaf slur , use a urge fungicide according to label directions .
fungus kingdom : Black SpotA be intimate heighten disease , Black Spotappears on new leaves as irregular black rope , often having a yellow nimbus . roundabout or spore colonies may develop to 1/2 inch in diam . leave will grow yellow and knock off off , only to produce more leafage that will conform to the same approach pattern . rose may not make it through the winter if bootleg spot is severe . The fungus will also affect the size and lineament of flowers .
Prevention and Control : Plant insubordinate motley for your area . Always water from the ground , never overhead . Practice good sanitation - fresh up and destroy rubble , especially around plants that have had a problem . When prune rosiness , even deadheading , dip trimmer in a bleach / piddle solution after each undercut . If a flora seems to have chronic black spot , polish off it . A 2 - 3 inch thick level of mulch at the base of plant reduces splashing . Do not wait until smuggled spot is a vast job to hold in ! commence ahead of time . Spray with a antimycotic agent labeled for black spot on rose . Diseases : southerly BlightPlants with southerly blight have lesion on the stem at , or near , the dirt line . These lesion modernize apace , deaden the stem and result in a sudden and permanent wilting of the plant . High temperatures ( above 85 degrees F , 29 degrees C ) favor the disease . The fungus assault a wide compass of industrial plant and survive for long menstruation in soil . To control , treat with a recommended fungicide according to recording label counseling .
Miscellaneous
Although many people believe that cooler temperatures are responsible for the coloring material change , the weather has nothing to do with it at all . As the days grow shorter and the dark longer , a chemical clock inside the trees starts up , relinquish a hormone which curb the period of sap to each leafage . As declension progresses , the sap flow slows and chlorophyl , the chemical that gives the leave their fleeceable color in the spring and summertime , melt . The residual sap becomes more concentrated as it dries , creating the color of fall . gloss : Rock GardenArock gardenis a garden that mimics an alpine region , have dwarf conifers , low - develop submarine - bush , perennials and ground cover . Often , the stain itself tend to be gravelly or rocky . Glossary : AnnualAnannualis any plant that nail its life cycle in one growing time of year . Glossary : EvergreenEvergreenrefers to plants that reserve onto their leaves or acerate leaf for more than one growing season , shedding them over clock time . Some plants such as live oaks are evergreen , but ordinarily shed the majority of their older leaves around the end of January . gloss : PerennialPerennial : traditionally a non - woody plant that lives for two or more growing seasons . Glossary : Seed StartSeed Start : easily propagated from source . gloss : pHpH , imply the potential of Hydrogen , is the measure of alkalinity or acidulousness . In horticulture , pH refers to the pH of soil . The shell amount from 0 , most sulfurous , to 14 , most alkaline . Seven is impersonal . Most plants prefer a range between 5.5 and about 6.7 , an blistering kitchen stove , but there are plenty of other industrial plant that like soil more alkaline , or above 7 . A pH of 7 is where the works can most easily absorb the most nutrients in the soil . Some plant opt more or less of sure nutrients , and therefore do intimately at a sure pH.Glossary : Plant CharacteristicsPlant characteristics define the plant , enabling a search that find specific types of plants such as bulbs , trees , shrubs , supergrass , perennials , etc . gloss : Flower CharacteristicsFlower characteristics can vary greatly and may help you decide on a " " look or feel " " for your garden . If you ’re looking for fragrance or large , sporty flowers , clack these boxes and theory that fit your cultural conditions will be show . If you have no orientation , leave boxes unbridled to give a greater number of possibilities . Glossary : Foliage CharacteristicsBy searching leafage characteristics , you will have the opportunity to attend for foliation with distinct features such as motley leave , aromatic foliage , or unusual texture , color or physique . This field will be most helpful to you if you are look for accent plant . If you have no preference , go away this battlefield blank to return a large survival of plants . Glossary : Landscape UsesBy search Landscape Uses , you will be able to pinpoint plant that are best suited for particular uses such as trellises , border plantings , or foundations . Glossary : EdiblesAn edible is a flora that has a part or all of it that can be safely devour in some way . Glossary : VirusesViruses , which are smaller than bacteria , are not live and do not repeat on their own . They must swear on the cellular mechanisms of their hosts to replicate . Because this greatly disrupts the cell ’s functionality , outward signs of a viral infection consequence in a plant life disease with symptoms such as abnormal or scrawny growth , damage fruit , discolorations or maculation .
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carriers such as aphid , leafhopper , and thrips under control . These plant feeding insect spread virus . computer virus can also be put in by infected pollen or through works porta ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . young plant life should be check , as well as tools and exist plants . Use only certify seed that is deemed disease - complimentary . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crop , not planting close come to plant in the same area every year . Glossary : FertilizeFertilize just before new growth start with a utter fertilizer . Glossary : PruningNow is the preferred time to prune this plant .
