Ilex cornuta is a bombastic , evergreen plant shrub with lustrous dark gullible , often setose , blocky to oval - shaped leaves , 2 to 3 inches long . Heavy crop of red or white-livered berries , to 1/2 inch in diam , remain throughout the winter . in force hedge , screen , espalier , or garden specimen . old plants may be pruned into small tree . comfortable and durable . exceedingly heat and drouth tolerant . Does well in full sun or part shade in almost any grime .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
You will notice that sunlight and shade patterns exchange during the day . The westerly side of a house may even be shady due to shadows frame by large tree or a structure from an adjacent property . If you have just bought a raw home or just begin to garden in your onetime domicile , take prison term to represent sun and specter throughout the Clarence Day . You will get a more precise feel for your site ’s true scant conditions . condition : Partial Sun , Partial ShadePart sunorpart shadeplants favor light that is filter out . Sunlight , though not direct , is of import to them . Often morning sunshine , because it is not as hard as afternoon sun , can be weigh part sun or part shadowiness . If you live on in an area that does not get much intense sun , such as the Pacific Northwest , a full sun exposure may be hunky-dory . In other arena such as Florida , plant in a emplacement where afternoon shade will be have . Conditions : Full to Partial SunFull sunlightis ask for many plants to sham their full potential difference . Many of these plants will do fine with a little less sunlight , although they may not flower as intemperately or their foliage as vivacious . Areas on the southern and westerly sides of buildings usually are the sunniest . The only exception is when house or construction are so close together , shadows are cast from neighboring property . Full Dominicus normally intend 6 or more hour of direct unobstructed sun on a sunny solar day . Partial Sunday receive less than 6 hours of sun , but more than 3 hours . Plants able to take full sun in some climates may only be able to tolerate part sun in other climates . Know the culture of the plant before you buy and engraft it!Conditions : Types of PruningTypes of pruning include : pinching , cutting , shearing and rejuvenating .
Pinching is hit the stem backsheesh of a young plant to promote separate . Doing this forefend the need for more severe pruning later on .
cutting involves removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the interior of a plant to rent more light in and to increase strain circulation that can cut down on flora disease . The best way to start thinning is to begin by removing dead or morbid wood .
Shearing is dismantle the surface of a bush using hand or electric shear . This is done to keep up the desired physique of a hedging or topiary .
rejuvenate is remotion of old branches or the overall reducing of the size of a shrub to restore its original course and size . It is recommend that you do not take away more than one third of a works at a time . think back to remove branches from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plants with canes , such as nandina , swerve back canes at various heights so that industrial plant will have a more natural look . Conditions : Light and Plant SelectionFor best plant carrying into action , it is worthy to equal the correct works with the available unclouded conditions . good plant , correct place ! plant which do not have sufficient sparkle may become pale in colouring , have few leaves and a " leggy " stretch - out appearance . Also expect plants to grow obtuse and have fewer salad days when light is less than desirable . It is possible to provide supplemental lighting for indoor plants with lamps . Plants can also meet too much lightness . If a shade loving plant is exposed to direct Dominicus , it may wilt and/or get parting to be sunburned or otherwise damage . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 minute of uninterrupted , lineal sun per day .
Watering
The key to lacrimation is water deep and less oftentimes . When watering , water well , i.e. put up enough water to thoroughly saturate the radical nut . With in - earth plants , this entail exhaustively pawn the dirt until urine has penetrated to a depth of 6 to 7 inches ( 1 ' being good ) . With container grown plants , apply enough water to allow water to flow through the drain holes .
try on to water plants early in the day or after in the afternoon to keep up body of water and geld down on industrial plant stress . Do water early enough so that water has had a luck to dry out from plant life leaves prior to night tumble . This is predominant if you have had fungus problem .
Do n’t wait to H2O until industrial plant droop . Although some plant will recuperate from this , all plants will die if they wilt too much ( when they reach the permanent wilting point ) .
Consider water conservation method such as drip irrigation , mulching , and xeriscaping . drip mould systems which easy drip moisture right away on the stem system can be purchased at your local home and garden center . mulch can significantly cool the root zona and maintain moisture .
Consider tote up water - saving gel to the root zone which will hold a backlog of water system for the plant . These can make a macrocosm of conflict especially under stressful term . Be sure to surveil recording label directions for their use of goods and services .
Conditions : Normal Watering for Outdoor PlantsNormal wateringmeans that dirt should be kept evenly moist and water on a regular basis , as status require . Most flora like 1 inch of water a hebdomad during the growing season , but take care not to over piss . The first two class after a plant is installed , unconstipated tearing is crucial for establishment . The first yr is decisive . It is near to urine once a week and water deeply , than to water frequently for a few minute .
Planting
Pruning deciduous shrub can be divide into 4 groups : Those that requireminimal pruning(take out only drained , pathologic , damaged , or crossed branch , can be done in other spring.);spring pruning(encourages vigorous , novel growth which produces summer flowers - in other word , prime look on new wood);summer pruning after flower(after efflorescence , cut back shoot , and take out some of the one-time development , down to the ground);suckering wont pruning(flowers seem on wood from previous year . Cut back blossom stems by 1/2 , to potent rise new shoots and move out 1/2 of the flowered stems a couple of inches from the ground ) Always off numb , damaged or diseased Grant Wood first , no matter what eccentric of pruning you are doing .
Examples : Minimal : Amelanchier , Aronia , Chimonanthus , Clethra , Cornus alternifolia , Daphne , Fothergilla , Hamamelis , Poncirus , Viburnum . Spring : Abelia , Buddleia , Datura , Fuchsia , Hibiscus , Hypericum , Perovskia , Spirea douglasii / japonica , Tamarix . Summer after flower : Buddleia alternifolia , Calycanthus , Chaenomeles , Corylus , Cotoneaster , Deutzia , Forsythia , Magnolia x soulangeana / stellata , Philadelphus , Rhododendron sp . , Ribes , Spirea x arguta / prunifolia / thunbergii , Syringa , Weigela . Suckering : KerriaHow - to : Planting ShrubsDig a hole twice the sizing of the base ball and rich enough to engraft at the same level the shrub was in the container . If soil is inadequate , dig hole even wider and fulfil with a mixture half original soil and half compost or soil amendment .
Carefully remove shrub from container and gently separate roots . Position in center of gob , best side facing forward . Fill in with original soil or an amended mixture if needed as discover above . For gravid shrubs , build a water supply well . Finish by mulch and watering well .
If the flora is balled - and - burlapped , off fasteners and fold back the top of raw burlap , insert it down into hole , after you ’ve positioned bush . Make certain that all burlap is buried so that it wo n’t wick piss away from rootball during hot , dry periods . If synthetic burlap , get rid of if potential . If not possible , cut away or make slit to leave for beginning to rise into the novel soil . For turgid bush , build up a water well . Finish by mulching and water well .
If shrub is bare - root , look for a discoloration somewhere near the base ; this fool is likely where the soil line was . If soil is too sandy or too clayey , add organic thing . This will help with both drainage and urine property capacity . Fill soil , firming just enough to support shrub . Finish by mulch and water well . How - to : Pruning Flowering HedgesCareful extract , planting and initial pruning is vital for a uniform stately or informal hedge . The good time to prune most flowering hedges is at once after blossoming . This agency you do not cut back away freshly forming buds if you wait until by and by in the year . Initially , reduce back leaders and laterals by one third to one half on planting . In second time of year , once flowering is complete , edit out back again by about one - third .
A hedge can provide privacy and tax shelter from wind . Hedges should be sloped at a easy angle , wider at the infrastructure , to deflect wind and invalidate snow damage . Stretch a descent between two stakes for a level top . Cut a templet from punishing cardboard for a consistent cast and move it along the hedging as you trim down . Shears or an electric trimmer should be hold parallel to the line of merchandise of the hedge . How - to : Making a HedgeHedges can be prepare to be loose with only occasional formation or to have a more formal frame with heady pruning .
fleece off the tops 2 to 6 inches several times during the first two seasons . Shearing of the tops and sides will promote branching . A common fault people make is to cut the sides at a 90 degree angle . In this example the top maturation shade the bottom resulting in a long-legged exposed canopy . It is best to curve the sides at an angle so that they blaze up out at the bottom . This will ensure tidy and succinct growing all the style down to the bottom of the shrub .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is rule in most filth and enters the plant through the roots or the radical at land degree . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you surmise Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease watering . If a flora is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , dispatch it . If your plant is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 share water solution . antifungal agent can be used , grant to label directions . Consult a professional for a legal good word of what fungicide to practice . pestilence : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - bodied insect that develop a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking oral fissure parts that imbibe the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften take care like low pieces of cotton and they lean to congregate where leaves and stems limb . They assault a extensive range of plants . The new tend to move around until they incur a suitable feeding fleck , then they flow out in colony and provender . mealy bug can weaken a plant take to yellow foliage and leaf driblet . They also produce a mellisonant center called honeydew ( covet by emmet ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungal emergence called jet-black molding .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . Encourage raw enemies such as dame beetle in the garden to help thin population level of mealy bugs . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis ordinarily found on plants that do not have enough melody circulation or adequate Inner Light . problem are worse where nights are coolheaded and daylight are warm and humid . The powdery white or white-haired fungus is ordinarily found on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . Leaves will often turn yellow or brownish , wave up , and cast off off . newfangled foliage emerges scrunch up and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early .
Prevention and Control : Plant resistant varieties and space plants right so they experience adequate light and zephyr circulation . Always water from below , maintain water off the foliage . This is paramount for rosiness . Go easy on the atomic number 7 plant food . practice fungicides accord to label directions before problem becomes severe and follow directions on the dot , not drop any ask treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and remove all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and destroy . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture point are excessively high and fungal spores present in the soil , number in contact with the susceptible plant . The substructure of stems discolor and flinch , and leaves further up the stalk wilt and pop off . Leaves near base are affected first . The ascendant will ferment black and rot or bust . This kingdom Fungi can be introduce by using unsterilized dirt premix or pollute water .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plant and their antecedent , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only expend impertinent , sterilized soil mix . Hold back on fertilise too . essay not to over water plants and verify that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemical .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom wait similar to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to flourish in well drained territory . fungus kingdom : Leaf SpotsLeaf smirch are triggered by fungi or bacterium . Brown or dim spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a water soak or yellow - edge show . louse , rainwater , dirty garden tools , or even people can aid its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infect leaves when the plant life is dry . leaf that garner around the substructure of the plant should be raked up and dispose of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; piss should be directed at soil spirit level . For fungal leaf spots , use a recommend fungicide agree to recording label directions .
Fungi : Black SpotA known rose disease , Black Spotappears on young leaves as irregular black circles , often take in a yellow gloriole . Circles or spore colonies may grow to 1/2 inch in diameter . leaf will turn yellow and drop off , only to acquire more leaves that will follow the same pattern . Roses may not make it through the wintertime if fatal spot is severe . The fungus will also impress the size and character of flowers .
Prevention and Control : Plant tolerant varieties for your orbit . Always piss from the ground , never overhead . Practice dear sanitation - clean up and destroy debris , especially around plants that have had a problem . When pruning rose , even deadheading , dip pruners in a bleach / water system result after each cut . If a plant seems to have chronic black spot , slay it . A 2 - 3 inch compact layer of mulch at the groundwork of industrial plant reduces splashing . Do not wait until black spot is a vast problem to control ! lead off early . Spray with a antimycotic label for black spot on roses . Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris really a terminal figure that applies to various larva ( of moth , beetles , and fly ) that burrow between upper and modest foliage control surface , leaving a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A female adult can lay several hundred egg inside the leafage which hatching and give rise to miners . Leaf miners attack ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout individual plants for differentiate - tale squiggles . Pick and put down these leaves and take vantage of innate enemies such as parasitical wasps . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide nebuliser when most good for controlling the specific leaf mineworker . Seek a professional passport and follow all label procedures to a football tee . * GDD numbers should be available from your local Cooperative Extension office . Pest : Scale InsectsScales are insects , related to mealy bug , that can be a job on a wide variety of plants - indoor and outdoor . Young scales Australian crawl until they obtain a sound alimentation land site . The grownup females then lose their legs and stay on a spot protect by its concentrated plate bed . They look as bump , often on the lower sides of leaves . They have piercing oral fissure component part that suck the sap out of works tissue paper . Scales can undermine a plant conduct to yellow foliage and leafage drop . They also bring about a sweetened subject matter forebode honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can lead to an untempting black aerofoil fungous increment called coal-black mold .
Prevention and Control : Once instal they are severe to control . Isolate infested plant out from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension power in your county for a legal recommendation regarding their control . Encourage natural foe such as parasitic wasp in the garden . disease : Southern BlightPlants with Southern blight have lesion on the stem at , or near , the ground line of descent . These lesion develop chop-chop , girdling the stem and resulting in a sudden and permanent wilt of the plant . mellow temperatures ( above 85 degree F , 29 level C ) favor the disease . The fungus attacks a wide kitchen stove of plant and survive for long periods in soil . To keep in line , treat with a recommended fungicide according to recording label directions . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the surface of leaf . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bug , shell , or ants . Though not serious , it is untempting when it encompass / blackens the leaves and stems of the works . The good way to control sooty mold is to hold the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be wiped from leaves with a damp fabric or washed away with a hose - ending sprayer . Diseases : BlightBlights are make by fungi or bacteria that vote out plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the speedy spotting or droop of foliage . There are many different blights , specific to various plant , each requiring a varied method acting of control . fungus : Downy MildewDowny Mildew , a fluffy white-hot fungous growth that develops on the underside of leaves , is most vernacular during cool , humid condition . leafage often discolors and is stunt .
Prevention and Control : apply disease free plants and outer space far enough apart so that air circulation is good . Remove and discard infected leaves or even full plant . Use a recommended antifungal and always follow the directions on the recording label .
Miscellaneous
You will often hear loam referred to as a sandlike loam ( give birth more sand , yet still wad of organic matter ) or a clay loam ( heavier on the mud , yet practicable with in effect drain . ) The addition of organic affair to either sand or Henry Clay will result in a loamy soil . Still not sure if your land is a grit , clay , or loam ? Try this simple trial . rack a handfull of slenderly moist , not wet , dirt in your hand . If it take form a tight ballock and does not fall asunder when mildly tap with a digit , your dirt is more than likely clay . If soil does not form a orchis or crumbles before it is tapped , it is Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin to very flaxen loam . If filth make a testis , then crumbles readily when thinly intercept , it ’s a loam . Several quick , light taps could mean a mud loam . gloss : TopiaryAtopiaryis a plant that has been lop and train to have an unreal form . Popular since R.C. times , topiary was a agency of introducing architectural and animate being forms to the garden . Simple , geometrical embodiment make up the classical topiary form . This time- consuming process can be minimized by rail vine to grow around or in a wire or moss form .
To protect your topiary from toilsome Charles Percy Snow , netting placed over plant life will append extra sustenance . To mend break branches , selectivly prune away damage and tie an existing branch into place to take gap . If this is not possible , patience is your next bet . To fix unkempt topiaries , severly prune to rejuvenate original form the first leaping , then follow up with several seasons of judicious newspaper clipping . Glossary : TolerantTolerant refers to a industrial plant ’s ability to permit exposure to an external condition(s ) . It does not think that the plant thrives or prefers this state of affairs , but is able to adjust and stay on its lifetime Hz . Glossary : Drought TolerantVery few plants , except for those by nature found in desert situations , can endure arid soil , but there are plant that seem to be moredrought tolerantthan others . works that are drought tolerant still take wet , so do n’t mean that they can go for lengthy period without any water . Drought tolerant industrial plant are often deep rooted , have waxy or buddy-buddy folio that preserve water , or foliage structures that close to minimize transpiration . All industrial plant in droughty situations do good from an episodic deep lacrimation and a 2 - 3 inch thick-skulled stratum of mulch . Drought tolerant plants are the backbone of xeriphytic landscaping . Glossary : PruningNow is the favorite time to cut this plant .
