Foliage is large , dull and setaceous ; normal color is dark olive green . tree diagram maintain a upright form . Fruit is intense red . Gender is distaff . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This mintage does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . Check the grammatical gender before planting . This holly grows expert in full sun .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is get rid of the stem gratuity of a new plant to promote fork . Doing this avoids the motivation for more dangerous pruning later on .
Thinning affect removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up up the DoI of a industrial plant to permit more light in and to increase air circulation that can make out down on industrial plant disease . The best way to begin cutting is to begin by removing dead or diseased Sir Henry Joseph Wood .
Shearing is leveling the airfoil of a bush using hand or electric shears . This is done to maintain the desired bod of a hedgerow or topiary .
rejuvenate is removal of one-time branches or the overall reduction of the size of a shrub to restore its original form and sizing . It is recommended that you do not bump off more than one third of a flora at a meter . Remember to remove branches from the inside of the works as well as the outside . When rejuvenate plants with canes , such as nandina , cut back cane at various altitude so that works will have a more natural look . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 minute of uninterrupted , lineal Dominicus per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the airfoil , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drain is pitiful where water table is high , set up an underground drain system . You should contact a declarer for this . If underground drains already exist , check to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drains are another option . Gallic drains are ditches that have been filled with gravel . It is okay to plant sward on top of them . More obtrusive , but a just answer where look are n’t as important , opine of the French drain as a ditch filled with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet deep and have sloping side .
A soakway is a gravel filled pit where water is diverted to via clandestine pipes . This work well on land site that have compacted soil . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and thick and filled with gravel or crushed stone , topped with George Sand and sodded or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert weewee onto other people ’s place . If you do not feel that you’re able to implement a workable result on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans precisely what it go like . Soil is moist without being soggy because the texture of the soil allows excess moisture to drain away . Most flora like about 1 inch of body of water per calendar week . Amending your soil with compost will help meliorate grain and piddle keeping or draining capability . A 3 in layer of mulch will help to maintain soil moisture and studies have shown that mulched plants grow faster than non - mulched industrial plant .
Planting
If container - grown , rest the tree on its side and remove the container . untie the base around the edges without breaking up the solution lump too much . Position tree in core of hole so that the best side faces forwards . You are ready to begin fill in with grunge .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , set it in hole so that the best side face forward . Untie or slay nails from burlap at top of musket ball and pull burlap back , so it does not baffle out of fix when soil is replaced . Synthetic gunny should be removed as it will not decompose like instinctive burlap . Larger trees often number in conducting wire basket . Plant as you would a b&b works , but contract as much of the conducting wire away as potential without really remove the basket . chance are , you would do more damage to the rootball by remove the basketful . Simply thin out away wires to pull up stakes several large possible action for root word .
fulfil both kettle of fish with soil the same agency . Never remedy with less than half original land . Recent study show that if your soil is escaped enough , you are better off sum up piddling or no grunge amendment .
Create a water ring around the outer bound of the hole . Not only will this conseve water supply , but will direct wet to perimeter roots , advance outer growth . Once Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree is established , water ring may be leveled . subject show that mulch Tree grow faster than those unmulched , so lend a 3 " " level of pinestraw , compost , or pulverize barque over backfilled sphere . Remove any damage limbs .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most soils and enters the plant through the source or the stem at land level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you distrust Rhizoctonia may be your job , diminish lacrimation . If a plant is too far gone ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your plant is in a container , fling the soil too . wash away the pot with a 1 part bleach to 9 parts water solution . Fungicides can be used , concord to recording label directions . Consult a professional for a legal passport of what fungicide to utilize . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the root hairsbreadth off of works and love to tunnel through etymon crop such as onions , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy white and blunt - head . Adults are dingy grey fly that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row concealment or cheesecloth arrange over seedbeds in early spring may deter egg lay on young plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always absent and destroy infected plants . good nemtodes will prey on maggot as well . Till soil well in the fall to expose and demolish pupa . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small plaguey flies which can often be a nuisance inside the home . About the size of fruit fly ball , they can be seen running on the grime airfoil of lot . They seem to favor wet soil conditions and may boom in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - like larvae can stimulate origin damage and adults can channelize works diseases , they rarely make severe plant damage .
Possible controls : avoid over - watering soil . Another option : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile level . Adults can be check with recommended insect powder , as well . further raw enemies such as parasitic roundworm in the garden . cuss : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - corporal insect that produce a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking mouthpiece parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften depend like lowly opus of cotton and they run to congregate where leaves and stems branch . They attack a wide range of industrial plant . The young tend to move around until they discover a suitable feeding spot , then they hang out in colony and feed . mealybug can weaken a plant life lead to jaundiced leafage and leaf drop . They also produce a sweet substance phone honeydew ( coveted by ants ) which can lead to an unattractive fatal Earth’s surface fungal growth called sooty mould .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infest plants from those that are not . Consult your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a legal insecticide / chemical recommendation . Encourage innate foe such as lady beetles in the garden to help reduce population levels of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , fly insects that bet like tiny moths , which attack many type of plants . The flying adult stage prefer the bottom of leaves to feed and breed . whitefly can manifold promptly as a female can place up to 500 eggs in a life span of 2 month . If a plant is infested with whitefly , you will see a cloud of fleeing worm when the plant is disturb . Whiteflies can weaken a industrial plant , eventually leading to plant demise if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful works viruses . They also produce a sweet content called honeydew ( coveted by ant ) which can result to an unattractive black surface fungous growing call coal-black mold .
potential controls : keep pot down ; use screening in window to keep them out ; remove infested plants off from non - infested plants ; employ a musing mulch ( aluminum hydrofoil ) under plants ( this repels whiteflies ) ; trap with yellow sticky cards , apply labeled pesticides ; encourage instinctive enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower bath of water system will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are modest , soft - bodied , slow - moving dirt ball that suck fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , ranging from green to brownness to dark , and they may have wing . They lash out a broad range of plant species causing stunting , deformed leaves and buds . They can convey harmful works computer virus with their pierce / sucking mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are merely a nuisance , since it takes many of them to cause serious plant damage . However aphid do produce a mellifluous meat called honeydew ( covet by ant ) which can lead to an untempting fateful surface outgrowth ring jet moulding .
Aphids can increase quickly in numbers and each female person can produce up to 250 live nymph in the course of a calendar month without mating . Aphids often appear when the environment changes - spring & fall . They ’re often massed at the lead of outgrowth feeding on succulent tissue paper . aphid are attracted to the semblance yellow and will often hitchhike on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds to an absolute minimum , peculiarly around suitable works . On eatable , wash off infected area of flora . ma’am bugs and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various intersection - constitutive and inorganic - that can be used to check aphids . Seek the recommendation of a professional and follow all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis usually found on plant that do not have enough air circulation or adequate sparkle . Problems are worse where nights are cool and days are ardent and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is ordinarily found on the upper surface of leaves or yield . Leaves will often turn yellowish or brown , draw in up , and drop off . New foliation egress crinkled and distorted . Fruit will be dwarfed and often drops early on .
Prevention and Control : imbed resistant varieties and place industrial plant by rights so they take in passable Light Within and air travel circulation . Always body of water from below , keeping water off the leafage . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the N fertilizer . Apply fungicide consort to label directions before job becomes severe and follow directions exactly , not missing any necessitate treatments . Sanitation is a must - clean up and dispatch all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and destroy . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil wet story are excessively high and fungous spores present in the soil , come in contact lens with the susceptible plant life . The root of stem discolor and shrink , and leaves further up the stalk wilt disease and pop off . leafage near base are affected first . The roots will bend black and decompose or break . This fungus kingdom can be introduce by using unsterilized grime mixture or foul weewee .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their roots , and discard surrounding soil . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilized soil mix . book back on fertilise too . judge not to over water industrial plant and check that that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptoms see standardized to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to thrive in well drain soils . fungus kingdom : Leaf SpotsLeaf blot are have by fungi or bacterium . Brown or black place and patches may be either ragged or round , with a water soaked or yellow - edged appearance . insect , pelting , dirty garden tools , or even people can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : slay taint parting when the works is dry . Leaves that collect around the foundation of the plant should be raked up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be directed at filth layer . For fungous leaf spot , use a recommended fungicide according to recording label counseling .
cuss : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a condition that applies to various larva ( of moths , beetles , and flies ) that burrow between upper and miserable leaf surface , depart a distinctive , squiggly pattern . A female adult can lie several hundred eggs inside the foliage which hachure and give rising slope to miners . Leaf miners attack ornamentals and vegetable .
Prevention and Control : Keep weeds down and scout individual flora for tell - tale squiggles . Pick and destruct these farewell and take advantage of born foe such as parasitical wasps . recognize the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to place insecticide sprays when most beneficial for controlling the specific leaf mineworker . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all label process to a tee . * GDD number should be usable from your local Cooperative Extension position . disease : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a flora infection , cause by a fungus , and may have severe defoliation , particularly in trees , but seldom results in death . deep-set temporary hookup on stems , yield , leaves , or twigs , appear grayish brown , may look watery , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that seem slime - like . On vegetables , spot may expatiate as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are hard to check . Isolate infested plant life forth from those that are not infested . refer your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension place in your county for a sound good word regarding their control . Encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that reproduce by cell part , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warming urine that receives full sunlight and has an sizable supply of nutrients . Algae are most commonly retrieve in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lie region on estate or in drain ditches . Most noticeable in springtime , when body of water begins to warm , as a greenish hurl or celluloid on the pond ’s control surface . On land , alga may appear worthless and green or trash - alike . Prevention and Control : The best prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pool . It is advocate that you provide at least one oxygenating plant per 1 straight foot of pond aerofoil . Good oxygenators admit charis , cabomba , and genus Vallisneria , all of which vie with algae for carbon dioxide and nutrient . The second footfall would be to stop any fertiliser runoff from enrol the pond and to come down the amount of food fed to fish . Both overload weewee with food , making algae problems bad . Reducing the amount of sunshine penetrating the pond ’s control surface is the third step . fungus kingdom : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the open of leaf . It feeds on honeydew melon excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , shell , or pismire . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / char the leave and stem of the plant . The best style to control jet mold is to control the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can normally be wipe from leaves with a dampish material or wash away with a hose - end sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are make by fungi or bacteria that kill plant tissue . Symptoms often show up as the rapid spotting or wilt of foliage . There are many unlike blights , specific to various plants , each necessitate a varied method of command .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carrier such as aphid , leafhopper , and thripid under ascendancy . These plant feeding insects circularize viruses . Viruses can also be introduce by infected pollen or through industrial plant opening ( as when snip ) . start out bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New industrial plant should be checked , as well as prick and existing plants . Use only certified seeded player that is deemed disease - free . Plant only repellent varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not plant closely related plant in the same domain every class .
