Foliage is oval , irksome and bristled ; normal color is olive green . tree diagram maintain an erect form . yield is red . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This coinage does n’t take well to transplantation . Prune in the spring . Check the sexuality before planting . This holly raise best in full Dominicus .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is removing the radical crown of a youthful flora to promote branching . Doing this avoids the need for more spartan pruning later on .
Thinning regard removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the DoI of a plant to let more Christ Within in and to increase air circulation that can geld down on works disease . The best path to begin thinning is to begin by removing numb or pathological wood .
Shearing is dismantle the aerofoil of a shrub using script or electric shears . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedging or topiary .
Rejuvenating is removal of previous branch or the overall simplification of the size of it of a shrub to restore its original form and size . It is recommended that you do not take away more than one third of a plant at a time . Remember to remove branches from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenating plants with cane , such as nandina , veer back cane at various tallness so that plant will have a more natural expression . Conditions : Full SunFull Sunis fix as exposure to more than 6 hour of uninterrupted , lineal sunshine per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe disport to a drainage ditch . If drainage is wretched where water table is high , install an cloak-and-dagger drainage system . You should contact a contractor for this . If hugger-mugger waste pipe already be , check to see if they are deflect .
French drains are another option . French drainpipe are ditch that have been filled with gravel . It is okay to plant sward on top of them . More noticeable , but a adept solution where looks are n’t as important , think of the French drain as a ditch fill with crushed rock . ditch should be 3 to 4 foot cryptical and have sloping side .
A soakway is a gravel replete pit where urine is diverted to via hole-and-corner pipes . This works well on site that have compacted dirt . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and deep and filled with gravel or crushed stone , topped with guts and sodded or seeded .
Keep in mind that it is illegal to divert water onto other people ’s property . If you do not feel that you could implement a executable resolution on your own , call a contractile organ . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it sound like . Soil is dampish without being soggy because the grain of the soil reserve excess wet to drain away . Most plant like about 1 inch of water per week . Amending your land with compost will help oneself ameliorate texture and weewee property or draining mental ability . A 3 inch layer of mulch will assist to assert dirt moisture and studies have shown that mulched plant life grow faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grow , lie the tree on its side and slay the container . relax the roots around the edge without breaking up the root globe too much . stance tree in sum of jam so that the best side face fore . You are quick to start out filling in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree diagram , position it in maw so that the best side faces forward . unbrace or hit nails from gunny at top of orchis and draw in gunny back , so it does not stick around out of hole when soil is replaced . synthetical burlap should be removed as it will not disintegrate like natural burlap . large trees often come in telegram baskets . Plant as you would a b&b works , but veer as much of the conducting wire aside as possible without actually removing the basket . opportunity are , you would do more harm to the rootball by removing the basket . just turn out away wires to leave several large gap for roots .
Fill both holes with stain the same path . Never amend with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your grunge is light enough , you are dependable off adding slight or no dirt amendment .
Create a water ring around the outer boundary of the hole . Not only will this conseve piddle , but will place moisture to perimeter roots , encourage outer ontogeny . Once tree diagram is establish , water ringing may be leveled . study show that mulch Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree grow faster than those unmulched , so add a 3 " " bed of pinestraw , compost , or pulverise barque over backfilled area . Remove any damaged limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most grunge and enters the plant through the roots or the bow at soil level . Prevention and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you suspect Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease tearing . If a works is too far go ( all the leaves from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your flora is in a container , discard the soil too . Wash the mint with a 1 part bleaching agent to 9 parts urine solution . Fungicides can be used , according to label directions . Consult a professional person for a legal good word of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the soil , chew the root hairs off of plants and honey to tunnel through root crops such as onions , garlic and leeks . They are about 1/3 of an column inch long , glossy white and blunt - headed . adult are dark grey tent-fly that resemble the common housefly .
Prevenion and Control : float row cover or cheesecloth set over seedbeds in other springiness may deter ballock laying on unseasoned plants . Crop rotation is a must . Always remove and destroy septic works . Beneficial nemtodes will raven on maggot as well . Till territory well in the nightfall to expose and put down pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky rainfly which can often be a pain inside the home . About the size of fruit flies , they can be discover bunk on the soil open of quite a little . They seem to favor wet soil conditions and may thrive in mixes containing hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - like larva can cause stem damage and adults can transmit flora diseases , they rarely do grievous plant harm .
Possible controls : avoid over - watering ground . Another choice : use labelled insecticidal drenches against the juvenile level . grownup can be controlled with recommended insecticides , as well . promote natural enemies such as parasitical nematode in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , dull - white , soft - incarnate insects that grow a waxy powdery covering . They have piercing / sucking oral fissure part that suck the sap out of plant tissue paper . Mealybugsoften look like small piece of cotton and they run to congregate where leaves and halt branch . They set on a wide range of plant life . The immature tend to move around until they ascertain a suitable alimentation spot , then they hang out in colonies and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a plant leading to yellow foliage and leaf drop . They also produce a odorous essence called honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can lead to an unattractive black surface fungal growth foretell sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . refer your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension situation in your county for a sound insecticide / chemical substance recommendation . promote instinctive enemy such as lady beetles in the garden to avail trim down population level of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare small , winged insects that look like bantam moth , which attack many type of plant . The vanish adult phase prefer the bottom of leaves to feed and breed . whitefly can procreate quickly as a female can lay up to 500 eggs in a life pair of 2 calendar month . If a works is infest with whiteflies , you will see a swarm of flee insects when the flora is disturbed . whitefly can soften a plant life , eventually leading to plant death if they are not checked . They can transmit many harmful flora virus . They also produce a sweet center called honeydew ( coveted by emmet ) which can lead to an untempting ignominious Earth’s surface fungal growth call coal-black mold .
Possible controls : keep sens down ; utilization screening in window to keep them out ; remove infested plants away from non - infested plants ; apply a reflective mulch ( aluminium foil ) under plants ( this repels whitefly ) ; trap with yellow sticky cards , put on labeled pesticides ; advance natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a good steady shower of weewee will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are small , soft - bodied , slow - moving insects that take in fluids from plants . Aphidscome in many colors , wander from unripened to Robert Brown to smutty , and they may have wings . They attack a all-inclusive range of flora species causing acrobatics , deformed leaves and bud . They can carry harmful plant viruses with their pierce / suck mouthparts . Aphids , generally , are merely a pain in the neck , since it take many of them to cause serious plant life damage . However aphid do farm a sweet substance called honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can guide to an untempting inglorious surface growth called sooty mold .
Aphids can increase apace in numbers and each female person can bring out up to 250 live nymphs in the path of a month without mating . Aphids often come along when the surroundings changes - spring & fall . They ’re often mass at the tips of branch feeding on lush tissue . Aphids are attracted to the color yellowness and will often hitch on yellow clothing .
Prevention and Control : Keep weed to an infrangible minimum , especially around desirable works . On edibles , wash off infected sphere of plant life . dame germ and lacewings will feed on aphids in the garden . There are various product - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphid . Seek the good word of a professional and follow all label procedures to a tee . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis normally found on plant life that do not have enough line circulation or adequate light . Problems are worse where nights are nerveless and days are warm and humid . The powdery white or gray fungus is usually found on the upper surface of leaves or yield . Leaves will often rick yellow or chocolate-brown , curl up , and shake off off . New foliage come forth crease and misshapen . Fruit will be dwarf and often drop early on .
Prevention and Control : establish resistant variety and blank plants properly so they receive passable light and air circulation . Always water from below , keeping water system off the foliage . This is preponderant for roses . Go easily on the nitrogen fertilizer . Apply antifungal agent harmonize to label direction before problem becomes stern and follow directions precisely , not missing any required intervention . Sanitation is a must - clean up and transfer all leaves , flowers , or debris in the fall and destroy . disease : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when soil moisture levels are to a fault eminent and fungous spores present in the soil , come in contact with the susceptible plant . The base of stem discolor and cringe , and leaves further up the stalking wilt and go . leave near stand are affected first . The roots will turn ignominious and rot or separate . This fungi can be enter by using unsterilized soil mix or foul water system .
Prevention and ControlRemove affected plants and their solution , and discard surrounding grunge . Replace with plants that are not susceptible , and only use fresh , sterilise soil mix . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over urine plants and ensure that grime is well drained prior to plant . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look standardized to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to flourish in well drain grunge . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spot are due to fungi or bacterium . Brown or grim spots and patches may be either ragged or circular , with a body of water soaked or yellow - edged appearance . Insects , rain , dirty garden tools , or even the great unwashed can help its spread .
Prevention and Control : Remove infected leave when the works is dry . leaf that collect around the base of the plant should be raked up and dispose of . Avoid overhead irrigation if possible ; weewee should be direct at dirt degree . For fungal folio spots , use a advocate fungicide concord to label direction .
plague : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris actually a term that applies to various larvae ( of moth , beetles , and fly sheet ) that burrow between upper and lower leafage open , leave a classifiable , squiggly pattern . A female adult can lay several hundred eggs inside the leaf which hatch and give rising to mineworker . foliage miner attack ornamentals and vegetable .
Prevention and Control : Keep sens down and lookout private plants for tell - tale squiggle . plunk and destroy these leafage and take advantage of natural enemies such as parasitical white Anglo-Saxon Protestant . Know the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide sprayer when most beneficial for contain the specific leaf miner . Seek a professional good word and follow all label procedure to a teeing ground . * GDD telephone number should be uncommitted from your local Cooperative Extension office . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the result of a works contagion , because of a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , specially in trees , but seldom results in decease . Sunken patch on stems , fruit , leaves , or twigs , come out grayish brown , may come out weak , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that come along slime - corresponding . On vegetables , spots may expand as yield matures .
Prevention and Control : Once establish they are arduous to keep in line . Isolate infest plants away from those that are not infested . look up your local garden marrow professional or Cooperative Extension place in your county for a sound recommendation regarding their control . Encourage natural enemy such as parasitic WASP in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled being that reproduces by cell segmentation , spores , or atomisation . It fly high in warm water that receives full Sunday and has an ample supplying of nutrients . Algae are most usually incur in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on land or in drain ditches . Most noticeable in leap , when water begins to warm , as a greenish cast of characters or film on the pond ’s airfoil . On realm , algae may look slimy and light-green or trash - comparable . Prevention and Control : The good bar is to strain for an ecologically balanced pond . It is recommend that you provide at least one oxygenating plant per 1 hearty foot of pool surface . in effect oxygenators include charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for C dioxide and nutrients . The 2d tone would be to halt any fertilizer overspill from entering the pool and to slenderize the amount of food give to fish . Both overburden water with nutrients , making algae problems worse . Reducing the amount of sun penetrating the pool ’s surface is the third pace . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is observe on the surface of leaf . It flow on honeydew melon pass from aphids , mealy bug , scale , or pismire . Though not serious , it is untempting when it covers / blackens the leaves and stems of the works . The good way to control jet-black modeling is to master the insects that make the honeydew . Sooty mold can usually be pass over from leaves with a damp cloth or wash away with a hose - end sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are do by fungi or bacteria that down flora tissue . Symptoms often show up as the speedy spotting or wilt of foliage . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method of ascendance .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep computer virus carriers such as aphids , leafhopper , and thrip under control . These plant feeding insects distribute viruses . Viruses can also be introduced by infected pollen or through industrial plant openings ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plants should be checked , as well as creature and existing plant . utilise only certify seed that is deemed disease - free . Plant only resistant varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crop , not planting closely relate plants in the same area every year .
